Allergen Pack Dog Epithelia Kit
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Questions & Answers
Side Effects & Adverse Reactions
Concentrated extracts must be diluted with a sterile diluent prior to first use on a patient for treatment or intradermal testing. Allergenic Extracts are manufactured to assure high potency and have the ability during skin testing and immunotherapy to cause serious local and systemic reactions including death in sensitive patients. Most reactions occur within 20 minutes after injection,(15) but may occur later.(16) To minimize the potential for local or systemic reactions, the relative sensitivity of the patient must be assessed from the allergic history and from clinical observations. Patients should be informed of these risks prior to skin testing and immunotherapy (see PRECAUTIONS and ADVERSE REACTIONS below).
Allergenic Extract immunotherapy doses should be lowered or temporarily withheld from patients if any of the following conditions exist:
(1) severe symptoms of rhinitis and/or asthma
(2) infection or flu accompanied by fever
(3) exposure to excessive amounts of clinically relevant allergen prior to a scheduled injection
(4) evidence of a local or systemic reaction to the preceding extract injection during a course of immunotherapy
The dosage must be reduced when modifying dosages or components in a mixture or an individual prescription, or when starting a patient on fresh extract, even though the labeled strength of the old and new vials may be the same. This reduction in dosage may be necessary due to the older vial losing potency during storage, or due to different sensitivities to different components. The amount of new extract given should not exceed 25% of the last dose given from the old vial, assuming both extracts contain comparable amounts of allergen. Any evidence of a local or generalized reaction requires a reduction in dosage during the initial stages of immunotherapy, as well as during maintenance therapy.
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Manufacturer Warnings
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FDA Labeling Changes
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Uses
Allergenic Extracts are indicated for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with immediate hypersensitivity allergy to the respective allergens, inhaled, ingested or otherwise introduced into contact with sensitive tissues. The diagnosis of IgE-mediated allergy may be established by the allergy history, clinical evaluation, and skin test reactivity.(4,7,11) Immunotherapy with Allergenic Extracts is indicated when testing and patient history have identified the offending allergens and when it is not possible or practical to avoid these allergens.(12-14) Food extracts have not been proven effective in immunotherapy.
The use of Allergenic Extracts for the above purposes should be made only by physicians with special familiarity and knowledge of allergy. (See DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION)
History
There is currently no drug history available for this drug.
Other Information
Allergenic Extracts are supplied as a sterile solution for intracutaneous or subcutaneous administration. Concentrates contain the soluble extractants of the source material with 0.5% sodium chloride and 0.54% sodium bicarbonate at a pH of 6.8 to 8.4 as aqueous extracts in water for injection or in 50% glycerin. Aqueous extracts contain 0.4% phenol as a preservative and 50% glycerinated extracts contain 0.2% phenol. Diluted aqueous extracts contain Buffered Saline with 0.5% sodium chloride, 0.04% potassium phosphate, 0.11% sodium phosphate heptahydrate, and 0.4% phenol in water for injection.
Source materials for these extracts are as follows: Pollens are collected from the respective grasses, weeds, trees, shrubs, cultured plants and flowers. Mold extracts are produced from pure culture mycelial mats. Rusts and smuts are obtained from natural growths. Epidermal extracts are produced from the hide, hair, or feathers containing the natural dander, or from separated dander. Insects are the whole body insects. House dust is made from various dusts ordinarily found in the home with the extract dialyzed to remove low-molecular weight irritants and concentrated to an extraction ratio of 1:1. Food extracts are prepared from the edible portions of the respective foods, obtained fresh if possible. Certain diagnostic food extracts contain 0.1% sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate as an antioxidant. Other miscellaneous inhalants involved in respiratory allergy are obtained in the naturally occurring form to which a patient may be exposed.
Extracts are labeled either by weight-to-volume (w/v) based on the weight of the source material to the volume of the extracting fluid, or in protein nitrogen units (PNU) based on assay with one PNU representing 0.00001 mg of protein nitrogen.
Sources
Allergen Pack Dog Epithelia Kit Manufacturers
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Alvix Laboratories, Llc.
![Allergen Pack Dog Epithelia Kit [Alvix Laboratories, Llc.]](/wp-content/themes/bootstrap/assets/img/loading2.gif)
Allergen Pack Dog Epithelia Kit | Alvix Laboratories, Llc.
Diagnostic TestingFor the patient with a suspected diagnosis of allergy to more than one antigen, initial skin testing should include the individual extracts. If a screening skin test with a mixture is used, a positive response should be followed by testing with the individual extracts to determine the degree of sensitivity to each and to guide in the selection of extracts and their concentration for immunotherapy if indicated. However, because a negative skin test with a mixture may not be indicative of the absence of allergy to one or more of the components due to their dilution, testing with individual extracts is more precise. False negative responses may occur if serum levels of antihistamines remain from prior medication administration (see CONTRAINDICATIONS). The use of a positive control is especially recommended for patients on prior medications which may decrease the histamine skin test response.
Scratch or Prick-puncture Skin Testing:
Allergenic Extract concentrates may be used for scratch or prick-puncture testing or scratch tests in 50% glycerin, 1:20 w/v or strongest available strength in 5 mL vials may be used. Prick-puncture tests with concentrated extracts in patients highly sensitive to the specific antigen should yield distinctive wheals with diameters of greater than 5 mm and with much larger erythema reactions. Glycerinated histamine phosphate 5 mg/mL (1.8 mg/mL histamine base) or aqueous histamine phosphate 2.75 mg/mL (1 mg/mL histamine base; 1:1,000 W/V) may be used as a positive control.
Intradermal Skin Testing:
Extract for intradermal testing must be prepared by diluting the stock concentrate injection vials with sterile diluent (use normal or buffered saline, or normal saline with human serum albumin) or the appropriate dilutions may be purchased.
a. Patients with a negative scratch or prick-puncture test:
Patients who do not react to a scratch or prick-puncture test should be tested intradermally, using a 26 or 27 gauge 1/4 inch needle, with 0.02 to 0.05 mL of an appropriate extract dilution from 1/100 to 1/1000 of the concentrate. A negative test should be followed by a repeat test using a higher concentration until significant wheal and flare reaction sizes are attained or until the responses remain negative. As a negative control use the diluent or, in the case of extracts in 50% glycerin, use 0.5% to
1% glycerosaline solution. As a positive control, use glycerinated histamine phosphate diluted to 0.5 mg/mL (0.18 mg/mL histamine base) or aqueous histamine phosphate 0.275 mg/mL (0.1 mg/mL histamine base).
b. Patients tested only by the intradermal method:
Since highly reactive individuals may react intracutaneously at 1:1 million or even 1:10 million dilutions, any intradermal injection should be preceded by a puncture test and the dose adjusted accordingly. Other patients suspected of being moderately allergic should be tested with 0.02 to 0.05 mL of an appropriate extract dilution on the order of 1/10,000 to 1/100,000 of the concentrate. A negative test should be followed by repeat tests using progressively stronger ten-fold concentrations until significant wheal and flare reaction sizes are attained, or until skin test responses with the higher concentrations remain negative. As a negative control, use the diluent or, in the case of extracts in 50% glycerin, use 0.5% to 1% glycerosaline solution. As a positive control, use glycerinated histamine phosphate diluted to 0.5 mg/mL (0.18 mg/mL histamine base) or aqueous histamine phosphate 0.275 mg/mL (0.1 mg/mL histamine base).
Immunotherapy
Skin tests are graded in terms of the wheal and erythema response noted at 15 to 20 minutes, and compared to the appropriate controls. Wheal and erythema sizes may be recorded by actual measurement.Immunotherapy is administered by subcutaneous injection. Dosage of Allergenic Extracts is individualized according to the patient's sensitivity, the clinical response, and tolerance to the extract administered during the phases of an injection regimen. The initial dose of the extract should be determined based on the puncture test reactivity. In patients who appear to be exquisitely sensitive by history and skin test, the initial dose of the extract should be 0.05 to 0.1 mL of a low concentration, such as dilution number 5 or 6 in below. Patients with lesser sensitivity may be started with 0.05 to 0.1 mL of the next higher concentration. The amount of Allergenic Extract is increased at each injection by no more than 50% of the previous amount, and the next increment is governed by the response to the last injection. Large local reactions which persist for longer than 24 hours are generally considered an indication for repeating the previous dose or reducing the dose at the next administration. Any evidence of systemic reaction is an indication for a reduction of 75% in the subsequent dose. The upper limits of dosage have not been established; however, doses larger than 0.2 mL of an extract in 50% glycerin may cause discomfort upon injection. The dosage of Allergenic Extract does not vary significantly with the allergic disease under treatment.
To prepare dilutions starting from a concentrate such as 1:10 W/V, 1:20 W/V, OR 20,000 PNU/mL, proceed as in Table 1 below. (Note: Add 0.5 mL of concentrate to 4.5 mL of sterile diluent and make additional dilutions in the same manner.)TABLE 1
TEN-FOLD DILUTION SERIES* Dilution Extract Diluent W/V W/v PNU/mL 0 Concentrate 1:10 1:20 20,000 1 0.5 mL concentrate 4.5 mL 1:100 1:200 2000 2 0.5 mL dilution 1 4.5 mL 1:1000 1:2000 200 3 0.5 mL dilution 2 4.5 mL 1:10,000 1:20,000 20 4 0.5 mL dilution 3 4.5 mL 1:100,000 1:200,000 2 5 0.5 mL dilution 4 4.5 mL 1:1,000,000 1:2,000,000 0.2 6 0.5 mL dilution 5 4.5 mL 1:10,000,000 1:20,000,000 0.02*There is no direct potency correlation across the table between PNUs and W/V.
The optimal interval between doses of Allergenic Extract has not been established. Injections usually are given 1 or 2 times per week until the maintenance dose is reached. The injection interval then is increased to 2 weeks, then to 3 weeks, and finally to 4 weeks. If the patient does not return for 6 to 8 weeks, the dose should be reduced to 25% of the last dose. If longer than 8 weeks, a dose reduction of one, two or three dilutions may be made considering the components and the patient's sensitivity. The dosage and the interval between injections may need to be modified according to the clinical response of the patient. When switching patients to fresh extract, the initial dose should be reduced to 25% of the previous dose.
The usual duration of treatment has not been established. A period of two or three years of injection therapy constitutes an average minimum course of treatment.
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