Ampicillin

Ampicillin

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Questions & Answers

Side Effects & Adverse Reactions

SERIOUS AND OCCASIONALLY FATAL HYPERSENSITIVITY (ANAPHYLACTOID) REACTIONS HAVE BEEN REPORTED IN PATIENTS ON PENICILLIN THERAPY. ALTHOUGH ANAPHYLAXIS IS MORE FREQUENT FOLLOWING PARENTERAL THERAPY, IT HAS OCCURRED IN PATIENTS ON ORAL PENICILLINS. THESE REACTIONS ARE MORE LIKELY TO OCCUR IN INDIVIDUALS WITH A HISTORY OF SENSITIVITY TO MULTIPLE ALLERGENS. THERE HAVE BEEN REPORTS OF INDIVIDUALS WITH A HISTORY OF PENICILLIN HYPERSENSITIVITY WHO HAVE EXPERIENCED SEVERE REACTIONS WHEN TREATED WITH CEPHALOSPORINS. BEFORE THERAPY WITH ANY PENICILLIN, CAREFUL INQUIRY SHOULD BE MADE CONCERNING PREVIOUS HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS TO PENICILLINS, CEPHALOSPORINS, OR OTHER ALLERGENS. IF AN ALLERGIC REACTION OCCURS, APPROPRIATE THERAPY SHOULD BE CONSIDERED. SERIOUS ANAPHYLACTOID REACTIONS REQUIRE IMMEDIATE EMERGENCY TREATMENT WITH EPINEPHRINE. OXYGEN, INTRAVENOUS STEROIDS, AND AIRWAY MANAGEMENT, INCLUDING INTUBATION, SHOULD ALSO BE ADMINISTERED AS INDICATED.

Pseudomembranous colitis has been reported with nearly all antibacterial agents, including ampicillin, and may range in severity from mild to life-threatening. Therefore, it is important to consider this diagnosis in patients who present with diarrhea subsequent to the administration of antibacterial agents.

Treatment with antibacterial agents alters the normal flora of the colon and may permit overgrowth of clostridia. Studies indicate that a toxin produced by Clostridium difficile is a primary cause of "antibiotic-associated colitis".

After the diagnosis of pseudomembranous colitis has been established, therapeutic measures should be initiated. Mild cases of pseudomembranous colitis usually respond to discontinuation of the drug alone. In moderate to severe cases, consideration should be given to management with fluids and electrolytes, protein supplementation, and treatment with an antibacterial drug clinically effective against C. difficile colitis.

Legal Issues

There is currently no legal information available for this drug.

FDA Safety Alerts

There are currently no FDA safety alerts available for this drug.

Manufacturer Warnings

There is currently no manufacturer warning information available for this drug.

FDA Labeling Changes

There are currently no FDA labeling changes available for this drug.

Uses

To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Ampicillin capsules, Ampicillin for Oral Suspension and other antibacterial drugs, Ampicillin capsules and Ampicillin for Oral Suspension should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria.  When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting of modifying anitimicrobial therapy, in the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.

Ampicillin capsules and Ampicillin for oral suspension are indicated in the treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated organisms listed below:

Infections of the genitourinary tract including gonorrhea - E. coli, P. mirabilis, enterococci, Shigella, S. typhosa and other Salmonella and nonpenicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae.

Infections of the respiratory tract - Nonpenicillinase-producing H. influenzae and staphylococci, and streptococci including Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Infections of the gastrointestinal tract - Shigella, S. typhosa and other Salmonella, E. coli, P. mirabilis, and enterococci.

Meningitis - N. Meningitidis

Bacteriology studies to determine the causative organisms and their susceptibility to ampicillin should be performed. Therapy may be instituted prior to the results of susceptibility testing.

History

There is currently no drug history available for this drug.

Other Information

Ampicillin trihydrate is a semisynthetic penicillin derived from the basic penicillin nucleus, 6-aminopenicillanic acid. Ampicillin is designated chemically as (2S, 5R, 6R)-6-[(R)-2-Amino-2-phenylacetamido]-3, 3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid trihydrate.

It has the following chemical structure:

Structure

The molecular formula is C 16H 19N 3O 4S.3H 2O, and the molecular weight is 403.45.

Ampicillin Capsules, USP for oral administration provide ampicillin trihydrate equivalent to 250 mg and 500 mg ampicillin. Ampicillin Capsules, USP also contains magnesium stearate, NF. The capsule shell contains black iron oxide; D&C red No. 28; FD&C blue No. 1; gelatin, NF; silicon dioxide, NF; sodium lauryl sulfate, NF; titanium dioxide USP.

Ampicillin for Oral Suspension, USP provides ampicillin trihydrate equivalent to 125 mg/5 mL and 250 mg/5 mL ampicillin. Ampicillin for Oral Suspension, USP also contains flavors; microcrystalline cellulose and carboxymethylcellulose sodium, NF; colloidal silicon dioxide, NF; sodium citrate, USP; sodium propionate, NF; sucrose, NF

Ampicillin Manufacturers


  • Blenheim Pharmacal, Inc.
    Ampicillin Capsule [Blenheim Pharmacal, Inc.]
  • Claris Lifesciences, Inc.
    Ampicillin (Ampicillin Sodium) Injection, Powder, For Solution Ampicillin (Ampicillin Sodium) Injection, Powder, For Solution [Claris Lifesciences, Inc.]
  • C.o. Truxton, Inc.
    Ampicillin (Ampicillin Sodium) Injection, Powder, For Solution [C.o. Truxton, Inc.]
  • General Injectables & Vaccines, Inc
    Ampicillin (Ampicillin Sodium) Injection, Powder, For Solution [General Injectables & Vaccines, Inc]
  • General Injectables & Vaccines, Inc
    Ampicillin (Ampicillin Sodium) Injection, Powder, For Solution [General Injectables & Vaccines, Inc]
  • Dava Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    Ampicillin (Ampicillin Trihydrate) Suspension [Dava Pharmaceuticals, Inc.]
  • Sandoz Inc
    Ampicillin (Ampicillin Sodium) Injection, Powder, For Solution [Sandoz Inc]
  • Sandoz Inc
    Ampicillin Capsule [Sandoz Inc]
  • Sandoz Inc
    Ampicillin (Ampicillin Sodium) Injection, Powder, For Solution [Sandoz Inc]
  • General Injectables & Vaccines, Inc
    Ampicillin (Ampicillin Sodium) Injection, Powder, For Solution [General Injectables & Vaccines, Inc]
  • Pd-rx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    Ampicillin Capsule [Pd-rx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.]
  • Dava Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    Ampicillin Capsule [Dava Pharmaceuticals, Inc.]
  • Physicians Total Care, Inc.
    Ampicillin Capsule [Physicians Total Care, Inc.]
  • H.j. Harkins Company, Inc.
    Ampicillin Capsule [H.j. Harkins Company, Inc.]
  • Cardinal Health
    Ampicillin (Ampicillin Sodium) Injection, Powder, For Solution [Cardinal Health]
  • App Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    Ampicillin (Ampicillin Sodium) Injection, Powder, For Solution [App Pharmaceuticals, Inc.]
  • General Injectables & Vaccines, Inc
    Ampicillin (Ampicillin Sodium) Injection, Powder, For Solution [General Injectables & Vaccines, Inc]
  • General Injectables & Vaccines, Inc
    Ampicillin (Ampicillin Sodium) Injection, Powder, For Solution [General Injectables & Vaccines, Inc]
  • Cardinal Health
    Ampicillin (Ampicillin Sodium) Injection, Powder, For Solution [Cardinal Health]
  • A-s Medication Solutions Llc
    Ampicillin Capsule [A-s Medication Solutions Llc]
  • Gc Hanford Manufacturing Company
    Ampicillin (Ampicillin Sodium) Injection, Powder, For Solution [Gc Hanford Manufacturing Company]
  • Gc Hanford Manufacturing Company
    Ampicillin (Ampicillin Sodium) Injection, Powder, For Solution [Gc Hanford Manufacturing Company]
  • Pd-rx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    Ampicillin Capsule [Pd-rx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.]
  • Sandoz Inc
    Ampicillin (Ampicillin Sodium) Injection, Powder, For Solution [Sandoz Inc]
  • Sandoz Inc
    Ampicillin (Ampicillin Sodium) Injection, Powder, For Solution [Sandoz Inc]
  • Sandoz Inc
    Ampicillin (Ampicillin Sodium) Injection, Powder, For Solution [Sandoz Inc]
  • Sandoz Inc
    Ampicillin (Ampicillin Sodium) Injection, Powder, For Solution [Sandoz Inc]
  • Auromedics Pharma Llc
    Ampicillin (Ampicillin Sodium) Injection, Powder, For Solution [Auromedics Pharma Llc]
  • App Pharmaceuticals, Llc
    Ampicillin (Ampicillin Sodium) Injection, Powder, For Solution [App Pharmaceuticals, Llc]
  • Agila Specialties Private Limited
    Ampicillin Injection, Powder, For Solution [Agila Specialties Private Limited]
  • Putney Inc
    Ampicillin (Ampicillin Sodium) Injection, Powder, For Solution [Putney Inc]
  • Sagent Pharmaceuticals
    Ampicillin Injection, Powder, For Solution [Sagent Pharmaceuticals]
  • Sagent Pharmaceuticals
    Ampicillin Injection, Powder, For Solution [Sagent Pharmaceuticals]
  • Wg Critical Care, Llc
    Ampicillin Injection, Powder, For Solution [Wg Critical Care, Llc]
  • Wg Critical Care, Llc
    Ampicillin Injection, Powder, For Solution [Wg Critical Care, Llc]
  • Auromedics Pharma Llc
    Ampicillin (Ampicillin Sodium) Injection, Powder, For Solution [Auromedics Pharma Llc]
  • Gc Hanford Manufacturing Company
    Ampicillin Injection, Powder, For Suspension [Gc Hanford Manufacturing Company]

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