Apis Ex Animale 4 Special Order
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Questions & Answers
Side Effects & Adverse Reactions
Albumin (Human) 25%, USP (Albuked™ 25) is made from human plasma. Products made from human plasma may contain infectious agents, such as viruses, and, theoretically, the Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) agent that can cause disease. The theoretical risk for transmission of CJD is considered extremely remote. No cases of transmission of viral diseases or CJD have ever been identified for albumin. The risk that such products will transmit an infectious agent has been reduced by screening plasma donors for prior exposure to certain viruses, by testing for the presence of certain current virus infections, and by inactivating and/or removing certain viruses. Despite these measures, such products can still potentially transmit disease. There is also the possibility that unknown infectious agents may be present in such products. Individuals who receive infusions of blood or plasma products may develop signs and/or symptoms of some viral infections, particularly hepatitis C. ALL infections thought by a physician possibly to have been transmitted by this product should be reported by the physician or other healthcare provider to Grifols Therapeutics Inc. [1-800-520-2807].
The physician should discuss the risks and benefits of this product with the patient, before prescribing or administering it to the patient.
As with any hyperoncotic protein solution likely to be administered in large volumes, severe hemolysis and acute renal failure may result from the inappropriate use of Sterile Water for Injection as a diluent for Albumin (Human), 25%. Acceptable diluents include 0.9% Sodium Chloride or 5% Dextrose in Water. Please refer to the DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION section for recommended diluents.
Solutions which have been frozen should not be used. Do not use if turbid. Do not begin administration more than 4 hours after the container has been entered. Partially used vials must be discarded. Vials which are cracked or which have been previously entered or damaged should not be used, as this may have allowed the entry of microorganisms. Albuked 25 contains no preservative.
Legal Issues
There is currently no legal information available for this drug.
FDA Safety Alerts
There are currently no FDA safety alerts available for this drug.
Manufacturer Warnings
There is currently no manufacturer warning information available for this drug.
FDA Labeling Changes
There are currently no FDA labeling changes available for this drug.
Uses
Emergency Treatment of Hypovolemic Shock
Albuked 25 is hyperoncotic and on intravenous infusion will expand the plasma volume by an additional amount, three to four times the volume actually administered, by withdrawing fluid from the interstitial spaces, provided the patient is normally hydrated interstitially or there is interstitial edema.(1) If the patient is dehydrated, additional crystalloids must be given,(4) or alternatively, Albumin (Human) 5%, USP (Albuked™ 5) should be used. The patient’s hemodynamic response should be monitored and the usual precautions against circulatory overload observed. The total dose should not exceed the level of albumin found in the normal individual, i.e., about 2 g per kg body weight in the absence of active bleeding. Although Albuked 5 is to be preferred for the usual volume deficits, Albuked 25 with appropriate crystalloids may offer therapeutic advantages in oncotic deficits or in long-standing shock where treatment has been delayed.(2)
Removal of ascitic fluid from a patient with cirrhosis may cause changes in cardiovascular function and even result in hypovolemic shock. In such circumstances, the use of an albumin infusion may be required to support the blood volume.(2)
Burn Therapy
An optimal therapeutic regimen with respect to the administration of colloids, crystalloids, and water following extensive burns has not been established. During the first 24 hours after sustaining thermal injury, large volumes of crystalloids are infused to restore the depleted extracellular fluid volume. Beyond 24 hours Albuked 25 can be used to maintain plasma colloid osmotic pressure.
Hypoproteinemia With or Without Edema
During major surgery, patients can lose over half of their circulating albumin with the attendant complications of oncotic deficit.(2,4,5) A similar situation can occur in sepsis or intensive care patients. Treatment with Albuked 25 may be of value in such cases.(2)
Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)(2,5)
This is characterized by deficient oxygenation caused by pulmonary interstitial edema complicating shock and postsurgical conditions. When clinical signs are those of hypoproteinemia with a fluid volume overload, Albuked 25 together with a diuretic may play a role in therapy.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass(2,6)
With the relatively small priming volume required with modern pumps, preoperative dilution of the blood using albumin and crystalloid has been shown to be safe and well-tolerated. Although the limit to which the hematocrit and plasma protein concentration can be safely lowered has not been defined, it is common practice to adjust the albumin and crystalloid pump prime to achieve a hematocrit of 20% and a plasma albumin concentration of 2.5 g per 100 mL in the patient.
Acute Liver Failure (2)
In the uncommon situation of rapid loss of liver function with or without coma, administration of albumin may serve the double purpose of supporting the colloid osmotic pressure of the plasma as well as binding excess plasma bilirubin.
Neonatal Hemolytic Disease(2,3)
The administration of Albuked 25 may be indicated prior to exchange transfusion, in order to bind free bilirubin, thus lessening the risk of kernicterus. A dosage of 1 g /kg body weight is given about 1 hour prior to exchange transfusion. Caution must be observed in hypervolemic infants.
Sequestration of Protein Rich Fluids(7)
This occurs in such conditions as acute peritonitis, pancreatitis, mediastinitis, and extensive cellulitis. The magnitude of loss into the third space may require treatment of reduced volume or oncotic activity with an infusion of albumin.
Erythrocyte Resuspension(2)
Albumin may be required to avoid excessive hypoproteinemia, during certain types of exchange transfusion, or with the use of very large volumes of previously frozen or washed red cells. About 25 g of albumin per liter of erythrocytes is commonly used, although the requirements in preexistent hypoproteinemia or hepatic impairment can be greater. Albuked 25 is added to the isotonic suspension of washed red cells immediately prior to transfusion.
Acute Nephrosis(2)
Certain patients may not respond to cyclophosphamide or steroid therapy. The steroids may even aggravate the underlying edema. In this situation a loop diuretic and 100 mL Albuked 25 repeated daily for 7 to 10 days may be helpful in controlling the edema and the patient may then respond to steroid treatment.
Renal Dialysis(2)
Although not part of the regular regimen of renal dialysis, Albuked 25 may be of value in the treatment of shock or hypotension in these patients. The usual volume administered is about 100 mL, taking particular care to avoid fluid overload as these patients are often fluid overloaded and cannot tolerate substantial volumes of salt solution.
Situations in Which Albumin Administration is Not Warranted(2)
In chronic nephrosis, infused albumin is promptly excreted by the kidneys with no relief of the chronic edema or effect on the underlying renal lesion. It is of occasional use in the rapid “priming” diuresis of nephrosis. Similarly, in hypoproteinemic states associated with chronic cirrhosis, malabsorption, protein losing enteropathies, pancreatic insufficiency, and undernutrition, the infusion of albumin as a source of protein nutrition is not justified.
History
There is currently no drug history available for this drug.
Other Information
Albumin (Human) 25%, USP (Albuked™ 25) is made from large pools of human venous plasma by the Cohn cold ethanol fractionation process. Part of the fractionation may be performed by another licensed manufacturer. It is prepared in accordance with the applicable requirements established by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Albuked 25 is a 25% sterile solution of albumin in an aqueous diluent. The preparation is stabilized with 0.02 M sodium caprylate and 0.02 M acetyltryptophan. The aluminum content of the product is not more than 200 µg/L. The approximate sodium content of the product is 145 mEq/L. Albuked 25 is clear, slightly viscous, almost colorless to pale yellow, amber or green. It contains no preservative. Albuked 25 must be administered intravenously.
Each vial of Albuked 25 is heat-treated at 60°C for 10 hours against the possibility of transmitting the hepatitis viruses.
Additionally, the manufacturing process was investigated for its capacity to decrease the infectivity of an experimental agent of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE), considered as a model for the variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) agents.(11-14) The production steps from Pooled Plasma to Effluent IV-1 in the Albuked 25 manufacturing process have been shown to decrease TSE infectivity of that experimental model agent (a total of ≥7.0 logs). These studies provide reasonable assurance that low levels of vCJD/CJD agent infectivity, if present in the starting material, would be removed.
Sources
Apis Ex Animale 4 Special Order Manufacturers
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Uriel Pharmacy Inc.
![Apis Ex Animale 4 Special Order Liquid [Uriel Pharmacy Inc.]](/wp-content/themes/bootstrap/assets/img/loading2.gif)
Apis Ex Animale 4 Special Order | Kedrion Biopharma, Inc
Albuked 25 should always be administered by intravenous infusion. Albuked 25 may be administered either undiluted or diluted in 0.9% Sodium Chloride or 5% Dextrose in Water. If sodium restriction is required, Albuked 25 should only be administered either undiluted or diluted in a sodium-free carbohydrate solution such as 5% Dextrose in Water.
A number of factors beyond our control could reduce the efficacy of this product or even result in an ill effect following its use. These include improper storage and handling of the product after it leaves our hands, diagnosis, dosage, method of administration, and biological differences in individual patients. Because of these factors, it is important that this product be stored properly and that the directions be followed carefully during use.
Hypovolemic Shock—For treatment of hypovolemic shock, the volume administered and the speed of infusion should be adapted to the response of the individual patient.
Burns—After a burn injury (usually beyond 24 hours) there is a close correlation between the amount of albumin infused and the resultant increase in plasma colloid osmotic pressure. The aim should be to maintain the plasma albumin concentration in the region of 2.5 ± 0.5 g per 100 mL with a plasma oncotic pressure of 20 mm Hg (equivalent to a total plasma protein concentration of 5.2 g per 100 mL).(2) This is best achieved by the intravenous administration of Albuked 25. The duration of therapy is decided by the loss of protein from the burned areas and in the urine. In addition, oral or parenteral feeding with amino acids should be initiated, as the long-term administration of albumin should not be considered as a source of nutrition.
Hypoproteinemia With or Without Edema— Unless the underlying pathology responsible for the hypoproteinemia can be corrected, the intravenous administration of Albuked 25 must be considered purely symptomatic or supportive (see section Situations in Which Albumin Administration is Not Warranted).(2) The usual daily dose of albumin for adults is 50 to 75 g and for children 25 g. Patients with severe hypoproteinemia who continue to lose albumin may require larger quantities. Since hypoproteinemic patients usually have approximately normal blood volumes, the rate of administration of Albuked 25 should not exceed 2 mL per minute, as more rapid injection may precipitate circulatory embarrassment and pulmonary edema.
Other dosage recommendations are given under the specific indications referred to above.
Preparation for AdministrationRemove seal to expose stopper. Always swab stopper top immediately with a suitable antiseptic prior to entering vial.
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.
Only 16 gauge needles or dispensing pins should be used with 20 mL vial sizes and larger. Needles or dispensing pins should only be inserted within the stopper area delineated by the raised ring. The stopper should be penetrated perpendicular to the plane of the stopper within the ring.
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Uriel Pharmacy Inc.
Apis Ex Animale 4 Special Order | Uriel Pharmacy Inc.
Take 3-4 times daily. Ages 12 and older: 10 drops. Ages 2-11: 5 drops. Under age 2: Consult a doctor.
![Apis Ex Animale 4 Special Order Liquid [Uriel Pharmacy Inc.]](http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/image.cfm?setid=b11c224c-14c8-420a-9368-c140354e8733&name=apiexani4liqSO.jpg)
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