Bromocriptine Mesylate

Bromocriptine Mesylate

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Questions & Answers

Side Effects & Adverse Reactions

Since hyperprolactinemia with amenorrhea/galactorrhea and infertility has been found in patients with pituitary tumors, a complete evaluation of the pituitary is indicated before treatment with bromocriptine.

If pregnancy occurs during bromocriptine administration, careful observation of these patients is mandatory. Prolactin-secreting adenomas may expand and compression of the optic or other cranial nerves may occur, emergency pituitary surgery becoming necessary. In most cases, the compression resolves following delivery. Reinitiation of bromocriptine treatment has been reported to produce improvement in the visual fields of patients in whom nerve compression has occurred during pregnancy. The safety of bromocriptine treatment during pregnancy to the mother and fetus has not been established.

Bromocriptine has been associated with somnolence, and episodes of sudden sleep onset, particularly in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Sudden onset of sleep during daily activities, in some cases without awareness or warning signs, has been reported. Patients must be informed of this and advised not to drive or operate machines during treatment with bromocriptine. Patients who have experienced somnolence and/or an episode of sudden sleep onset must not drive or operate machines. Furthermore, a reduction of dosage or termination of therapy may be considered.

Symptomatic hypotension can occur in patients treated with bromocriptine for any indication. In postpartum studies with bromocriptine, decreases in supine systolic and diastolic pressures of greater than 20 mm and 10 mm Hg, respectively, have been observed in almost 30% of patients receiving bromocriptine. On occasion, the drop in supine systolic pressure was as much as 50 to 59 mm of Hg.

Since, especially during the first days of treatment, hypotensive reactions may occasionally occur and result in reduced alertness, particular care should be exercised when driving a vehicle or operating machinery.

While hypotension during the start of therapy with bromocriptine occurs in some patients, in rare cases serious adverse events, including hypertension, myocardial infarction, seizures, stroke, have been reported in postpartum women treated with bromocriptine. Hypertension have been reported, sometimes at the initiation of therapy, but often developing in the second week of therapy; seizures have also been reported, both with and without the prior development of hypertension; stroke has been reported mostly in postpartum patients whose prenatal and obstetric courses had been uncomplicated. Many of these patients experiencing seizures (including cases of status epilepticus) and/or strokes reported developing a constant and often progressively severe headache hours to days prior to the acute event. Some cases of strokes and seizures were also preceded by visual disturbances (blurred vision, and transient cortical blindness). Cases of acute myocardial infarction have also been reported.

Although a causal relationship between bromocriptine administration and hypertension, seizures, strokes, and myocardial infarction in postpartum women has not been established, use of the drug in patients with uncontrolled hypertension is not recommended. In patients being treated for hyperprolactinemia, bromocriptine should be withdrawn when pregnancy is diagnosed (see PRECAUTIONS: Hyperprolactinemic States). In the event that bromocriptine is reinstituted to control a rapidly expanding macroadenoma (see PRECAUTIONS: Hyperprolactinemic States)and a patient experiences a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, the benefit of continuing bromocriptine must be weighed against the possible risk of its use during a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. When bromocriptine is being used to treat acromegaly or Parkinson’s disease in patients who subsequently become pregnant, a decision should be made as to whether the therapy continues to be medically necessary or can be withdrawn. If it is continued, the drug should be withdrawn in those who may experience hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (including eclampsia, preeclampsia, or pregnancy-induced hypertension) unless withdrawal of bromocriptine is considered to be medically contraindicated. Because of the possibility of an interaction between bromocriptine and other ergot alkaloids, the concomitant use of these medications is not recommended. Periodic monitoring of the blood pressure, particularly during the first weeks of therapy is prudent. If hypertension, severe, progressive, or unremitting headache (with or without visual disturbance), or evidence of CNS toxicity develops, drug therapy should be discontinued and the patient should be evaluated promptly. Particular attention should be paid to patients who have recently been treated or are on concomitant therapy with drugs that can alter blood pressure. Their concomitant use in the puerperium is not recommended.

Among patients on bromocriptine, particularly on long-term and high-dose treatment, pleural and pericardial effusions, as well as pleural and pulmonary fibrosis and constrictive pericarditis, have been reported. Patients with unexplained pleuropulmonary disorders should be examined thoroughly and discontinuation of bromocriptine therapy should be considered. In those instances in which bromocriptine treatment was terminated, the changes slowly reverted towards normal.

In a few patients on bromocriptine, particularly on long-term and high-dose treatment, retroperitoneal fibrosis has been reported. To ensure recognition of retroperitoneal fibrosis at an early reversible stage it is recommended that its manifestations (e.g., back pain, edema of the lower limbs, impaired kidney function) should be watched in this category of patients. Bromocriptine medication should be withdrawn if fibrotic changes in the retroperitoneum are diagnosed or suspected.

Legal Issues

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FDA Safety Alerts

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Manufacturer Warnings

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FDA Labeling Changes

There are currently no FDA labeling changes available for this drug.

Uses

Hyperprolactinemia-Associated Dysfunctions

Bromocriptine mesylate tablets and capsules are indicated for the treatment of dysfunctions associated with hyperprolactinemia including amenorrhea with or without galactorrhea, infertility or hypogonadism. Bromocriptine treatment is indicated in patients with prolactin-secreting adenomas, which may be the basic underlying endocrinopathy contributing to the above clinical presentations. Reduction in tumor size has been demonstrated in both male and female patients with macroadenomas. In cases where adenectomy is elected, a course of bromocriptine therapy may be used to reduce the tumor mass prior to surgery.

Acromegaly

Bromocriptine mesylate tablet and capsule therapy is indicated in the treatment of acromegaly. Bromocriptine therapy, alone or as adjunctive therapy with pituitary irradiation or surgery, reduces serum growth hormone by 50% or more in approximately half of patients treated, although not usually to normal levels.

Since the effects of external pituitary radiation may not become maximal for several years, adjunctive therapy with bromocriptine offers potential benefit before the effects of irradiation are manifested.

Parkinson’s Disease

Bromocriptine mesylate tablets or capsules are indicated in the treatment of the signs and symptoms of idiopathic or postencephalitic Parkinson’s disease. As adjunctive treatment to levodopa (alone or with a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor), bromocriptine therapy may provide additional therapeutic benefits in those patients who are currently maintained on optimal dosages of levodopa, those who are beginning to deteriorate (develop tolerance) to levodopa therapy, and those who are experiencing “end of dose failure” on levodopa therapy. Bromocriptine therapy may permit a reduction of the maintenance dose of levodopa and, thus may ameliorate the occurrence and/or severity of adverse reactions associated with long-term levodopa therapy such as abnormal involuntary movements (e.g., dyskinesias) and the marked swings in motor function (“on-off’’ phenomenon). Continued efficacy of bromocriptine therapy during treatment of more than 2 years has not been established.

Data are insufficient to evaluate potential benefit from treating newly diagnosed Parkinson’s disease with bromocriptine. Studies have shown, however, significantly more adverse reactions (notably nausea, hallucinations, confusion and hypotension) in bromocriptine-treated patients than in levodopa/carbidopa-treated patients. Patients unresponsive to levodopa are poor candidates for bromocriptine therapy

History

There is currently no drug history available for this drug.

Other Information

Bromocriptine mesylate, USP is an ergot derivative with potent dopamine receptor agonist activity. Each bromocriptine mesylate tablet for oral administration contains 2.5 mg (as the mesylate) and each bromocriptine mesylate capsule for oral administration contains 5 mg bromocriptine (as the mesylate). Bromocriptine mesylate is chemically designated as Ergotaman-3´,6´,18-trione, 2-bromo-12´-hydroxy-2´-(1-methylethyl)-5´-(2-methylpropyl)-,(5´)-monomethanesulfonate (salt).

The structural formula is:

Bromocriptine Mesylate Structural Formula

The active ingredient in bromocriptine mesylate tablets, USP is bromocriptine mesylate, USP. The inactive ingredients are as follows: anhydrous lactose, edetate disodium, magnesium stearate, maleic acid, pregelatinized starch (corn) and sodium lauryl sulfate.

Bromocriptine mesylate tablets USP, 2.5 mg meets USP Dissolution Test 1.

The active ingredient in bromocriptine mesylate capsules, USP is bromocriptine mesylate, USP. The inactive ingredients are as follows: anhydrous lactose, black iron oxide, D&C Yellow No. 10 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Blue No. 1 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Blue No. 2 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Red No. 40 Aluminum Lake, gelatin, magnesium stearate, maleic acid, n-butyl alcohol, pregelatinized starch (corn), propylene glycol, red iron oxide, SDA 3A alcohol, SD-45 alcohol, shellac glaze, sodium lauryl sulfate, titanium dioxide and yellow iron oxide.

Bromocriptine Mesylate Manufacturers


  • Kaiser Foundation Hospitals
    Bromocriptine Mesylate Tablet [Kaiser Foundation Hospitals]
  • Lek Pharmaceuticals
    Bromocriptine Mesylate (Bromocriptine Mesylate) Tablet [Lek Pharmaceuticals]
  • American Health Packaging
    Bromocriptine Mesylate Capsule [American Health Packaging]
  • Physicians Total Care, Inc.
    Bromocriptine Mesylate Tablet [Physicians Total Care, Inc.]
  • Sandoz Inc
    Bromocriptine Mesylate Tablet [Sandoz Inc]
  • Cadila Healthcare Limited
    Bromocriptine Mesylate Capsule [Cadila Healthcare Limited]
  • Zydus Pharmaceuticals (Usa) Inc.
    Bromocriptine Mesylate Capsule [Zydus Pharmaceuticals (Usa) Inc.]
  • Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc.
    Bromocriptine Mesylate Tablet Bromocriptine Mesylate Capsule [Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc.]
  • Carilion Materials Management
    Bromocriptine Mesylate Tablet [Carilion Materials Management]
  • Paddock Laboratories, Llc
    Bromocriptine Mesylate Tablet [Paddock Laboratories, Llc]

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