Claravis
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Questions & Answers
Side Effects & Adverse Reactions
Claravis may cause depression, psychosis and, rarely, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, suicide, and aggressive and/or violent behaviors. No mechanism of action has been established for these events (see ADVERSE REACTIONS, Psychiatric). Prescribers should read the brochure, Recognizing Psychiatric Disorders in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Guide for Prescribers of Isotretinoin. Prescribers should be alert to the warning signs of psychiatric disorders to guide patients to receive the help they need. Therefore,prior to initiation of Claravis therapy, patients and family members should be asked about any history of psychiatric disorder, and at each visit during therapy patients should be assessed for symptoms of depression, mood disturbance, psychosis, or aggression to determine if further evaluation may be necessary. Signs and symptoms of depression, as described in the brochure (“Recognizing Psychiatric Disorders in Adolescents and Young Adults”), include sad mood, hopelessness, feelings of guilt, worthlessness or helplessness, loss of pleasure or interest in activities, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, change in sleep pattern, change in weight or appetite, suicidal thoughts or attempts, restlessness, irritability, acting on dangerous impulses, and persistent physical symptoms unresponsive to treatment. Patients should stop Claravis and the patient or a family member should promptly contact their prescriber if the patient develops depression, mood disturbance, psychosis, or aggression, without waiting until the next visit. Discontinuation of Claravis therapy may be insufficient; further evaluation may be necessary. While such monitoring may be helpful, it may not detect all patients at risk. Patients may report mental health problems or family history of psychiatric disorders. These reports should be discussed with the patient and/or the patient’s family. A referral to a mental health professional may be necessary. The physician should consider whether Claravis therapy is appropriate in this setting; for some patients the risks may outweigh the benefits of Claravis therapy.
Claravis use has been associated with a number of cases of pseudotumor cerebri (benign intracranial hypertension), some of which involved concomitant use of tetracyclines. Concomitant treatment with tetracyclines should therefore be avoided. Early signs and symptoms of pseudotumor cerebri include papilledema, headache, nausea and vomiting, and visual disturbances. Patients with these symptoms should be screened for papilledema and, if present, they should be told to discontinue Claravis immediately and be referred to a neurologist for further diagnosis and care (see ADVERSE REACTIONS, Neurological).
There have been post-marketing reports of erythema multiforme and severe skin reactions [e.g., Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)] associated with isotretinoin use. These events may be serious and result in death, life-threatening events, hospitalization, or disability. Patients should be monitored closely for severe skin reactions, and discontinuation of Claravis should be considered if warranted.
Acute pancreatitis has been reported in patients with either elevated or normal serum triglyceride levels. In rare instances, fatal hemorrhagic pancreatitis has been reported. Claravis should be stopped if hypertriglyceridemia cannot be controlled at an acceptable level or if symptoms of pancreatitis occur.
Elevations of serum triglycerides in excess of 800 mg/dL have been reported in patients treated with Claravis. Marked elevations of serum triglycerides were reported in approximately 25% of patients receiving Claravis in clinical trials. In addition, approximately 15% developed a decrease in high-density lipoproteins and about 7% showed an increase in cholesterol levels. In clinical trials, the effects on triglycerides, HDL, and cholesterol were reversible upon cessation of Claravis therapy. Some patients have been able to reverse triglyceride elevation by reduction in weight, restriction of dietary fat and alcohol, and reduction in dose while continuing Claravis.5
Blood lipid determinations should be performed before Claravis is given and then at intervals until the lipid response to Claravis is established, which usually occurs within 4 weeks. Especially careful consideration must be given to risk/benefit for patients who may be at high risk during Claravis therapy (patients with diabetes, obesity, increased alcohol intake, lipid metabolism disorder or familial history of lipid metabolism disorder). If Claravis therapy is instituted, more frequent checks of serum values for lipids and/or blood sugar are recommended (see PRECAUTIONS, Laboratory Tests).
The cardiovascular consequences of hypertriglyceridemia associated with Claravis are unknown.
In rats given 8 or 32 mg/kg/day of isotretinoin (1.3 to 5.3 times the recommended clinical dose of 1 mg/kg/day after normalization for total body surface area) for 18 months or longer, the incidences of focal calcification, fibrosis and inflammation of the myocardium, calcification of coronary, pulmonary and mesenteric arteries, and metastatic calcification of the gastric mucosa were greater than in control rats of similar age. Focal endocardial and myocardial calcifications associated with calcification of the coronary arteries were observed in two dogs after approximately 6 to 7 months of treatment with isotretinoin at a dosage of 60 to 120 mg/kg/day (30 to 60 times the recommended clinical dose of 1 mg/kg/day, respectively, after normalization for total body surface area).
Impaired hearing has been reported in patients taking Claravis; in some cases, the hearing impairment has been reported to persist after therapy has been discontinued. Mechanism(s) and causality for this event have not been established. Patients who experience tinnitus or hearing impairment should discontinue Claravis treatment and be referred for specialized care for further evaluation (see ADVERSE REACTIONS, Special Senses).
Clinical hepatitis considered to be possibly or probably related to Claravis therapy has been reported. Additionally, mild to moderate elevations of liver enzymes have been observed in approximately 15% of individuals treated during clinical trials, some of which normalized with dosage reduction or continued administration of the drug. If normalization does not readily occur or if hepatitis is suspected during treatment with Claravis, the drug should be discontinued and the etiology further investigated.
Claravis has been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (including regional ileitis) in patients without a prior history of intestinal disorders. In some instances, symptoms have been reported to persist after Claravis treatment has been stopped. Patients experiencing abdominal pain, rectal bleeding or severe diarrhea should discontinue Claravis immediately (see ADVERSE REACTIONS, Gastrointestinal).
Effects of multiple courses of Claravis on the developing musculoskeletal system are unknown. There is some evidence that long-term, high dose, or multiple courses of therapy with isotretinoin have more of an effect than a single course of therapy on the musculoskeletal system. In an open-label clinical trial (N = 217) of a single course of therapy with Claravis for severe recalcitrant nodular acne, bone density measurements at several skeletal sites were not significantly decreased (lumbar spine change > -4% and total hip change > -5%) or were increased in the majority of patients. One patient had a decrease in lumbar spine bone mineral density >4% based on unadjusted data. Sixteen (7.9%) patients had decreases in lumbar spine bone mineral density > 4%, and all the other patients (92%) did not have significant decreases or had increases (adjusted for body mass index). Nine patients (4.5%) had a decrease in total hip bone mineral density > 5% based on unadjusted data. Twenty one (10.6%) patients had decreases in total hip bone mineral density > 5%, and all the other patients (89%) did not have significant decreases or had increases (adjusted for body mass index). Follow-up studies performed in eight of the patients with decreased bone mineral density for up to 11 months thereafter demonstrated increasing bone density in five patients at the lumbar spine, while the other three patients had lumbar spine bone density measurements below baseline values. Total hip bone mineral densities remained below baseline (range –1.6% to –7.6%) in five of eight patients (62.5%).
In a separate open-label extension study of ten patients, ages 13 to 18 years, who started a second course of Claravis 4 months after the first course, two patients showed a decrease in mean lumbar spine bone mineral density up to 3.25% (see PRECAUTIONS, Pediatric Use).
Spontaneous reports of osteoporosis, osteopenia, bone fractures, and delayed healing of bone fractures have been seen in the Claravis population. While causality to Claravis has not been established, an effect cannot be ruled out. Longer term effects have not been studied. It is important that Claravis be given at the recommended doses for no longer than the recommended duration.
A high prevalence of skeletal hyperostosis was noted in clinical trials for disorders of keratinization with a mean dose of 2.24 mg/kg/day. Additionally, skeletal hyperostosis was noted in six of eight patients in a prospective study of disorders of keratinization.6 Minimal skeletal hyperostosis and calcification of ligaments and tendons have also been observed by x-ray in prospective studies of nodular acne patients treated with a single course of therapy at recommended doses. The skeletal effects of multiple Claravis treatment courses for acne are unknown.
In a clinical study of 217 pediatric patients (12 to 17 years) with severe recalcitrant nodular acne, hyperostosis was not observed after 16 to 20 weeks of treatment with approximately 1 mg/kg/day of Claravis given in two divided doses. Hyperostosis may require a longer time frame to appear. The clinical course and significance remain unknown.
There are spontaneous reports of premature epiphyseal closure in acne patients receiving recommended doses of Claravis. The effect of multiple courses of Claravis on epiphyseal closure is unknown.
Visual problems should be carefully monitored. All Claravis patients experiencing visual difficulties should discontinue Claravis treatment and have an ophthalmological examination (see ADVERSE REACTIONS, Special Senses).
Corneal opacities have occurred in patients receiving Claravis for acne and more frequently when higher drug dosages were used in patients with disorders of keratinization. The corneal opacities that have been observed in clinical trial patients treated with Claravis have either completely resolved or were resolving at follow-up 6 to 7 weeks after discontinuation of the drug (see ADVERSE REACTIONS, Special Senses).
Decreased night vision has been reported during Claravis therapy and in some instances the event has persisted after therapy was discontinued. Because the onset in some patients was sudden, patients should be advised of this potential problem and warned to be cautious when driving or operating any vehicle at night.
Legal Issues
There is currently no legal information available for this drug.
FDA Safety Alerts
There are currently no FDA safety alerts available for this drug.
Manufacturer Warnings
There is currently no manufacturer warning information available for this drug.
FDA Labeling Changes
There are currently no FDA labeling changes available for this drug.
Uses
Claravis (isotretinoin capsules, USP) is indicated for the treatment of severe recalcitrant nodular acne. Nodules are inflammatory lesions with a diameter of 5 mm or greater. The nodules may become suppurative or hemorrhagic. “Severe,” by definition,2 means “many” as opposed to “few or several” nodules. Because of significant adverse effects associated with its use, Claravis should be reserved for patients with severe nodular acne who are unresponsive to conventional therapy, including systemic antibiotics. In addition, Claravis is indicated only for those female patients who are not pregnant, because Claravis can cause severe birth defects (see Boxed CONTRAINDICATIONS AND WARNINGS ).
A single course of therapy for 15 to 20 weeks has been shown to result in complete and prolonged remission of disease in many patients.1,3,4 If a second course of therapy is needed, it should not be initiated until at least 8 weeks after completion of the first course, because experience has shown that patients may continue to improve while off Claravis. The optimal interval before retreatment has not been defined for patients who have not completed skeletal growth (see WARNINGS, Skeletal, Bone Mineral Density, Hyperostosis, and Premature Epiphyseal Closure).
History
There is currently no drug history available for this drug.
Other Information
Isotretinoin, USP, a retinoid, is available as Claravis™ (isotretinoin capsules USP) in 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg and 40 mg hard gelatin capsules for oral administration. Chemically, isotretinoin is 13-cis-retinoic acid and is related to both retinoic acid and retinol (vitamin A). It is a yellow to orange crystalline powder. The structural formula is:
C20H28O2 Molecular Weight: 300.44
Each capsule contains the following inactive ingredients: butylated hydroxyanisole, edetate disodium, gelatin, hydrogenated vegetable oil, polysorbate 80, soybean oil, titanium dioxide, white wax (beeswax), and vitamin E.
In addition, the 10 mg capsule contains black iron oxide and FD&C yellow no. 6. The 20 mg capsule contains black iron oxide, red iron oxide and yellow iron oxide. The 30 mg capsule contains red iron oxide and yellow iron oxide. The 40 mg capsule contains colloidal silicon dioxide, FD&C yellow no. 6, and sodium lauryl sulfate.
The edible imprinting ink contains: 10 mg strength, D&C red no. 7 calcium lake, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, FD&C yellow no. 6 aluminum lake, shellac glaze and titanium dioxide; 20 mg strength, ammonium hydroxide, propylene glycol, shellac glaze, simethicone and titanium dioxide; the 30 mg strength, D&C yellow no. 10 aluminum lake, FD&C blue no.1 aluminum lake, FD&C blue no. 2 aluminum lake, FD&C red no. 40 aluminum lake, iron oxide black, propylene glycol, and shellac glaze; 40 mg strength, ammonium hydroxide, FD&C blue no. 2 aluminum lake, iron oxide black, propylene glycol, and shellac glaze.
Meets dissolution test 2.
Sources
Claravis Manufacturers
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Physicians Total Care, Inc.
![Claravis (Isotretinoin) Capsule [Physicians Total Care, Inc.]](/wp-content/themes/bootstrap/assets/img/loading2.gif)
Claravis | Physicians Total Care, Inc.
Claravis should be administered with a meal (see PRECAUTIONS, Information for Patients).
The recommended dosage range for Claravis is 0.5 to 1 mg/kg/day given in two divided doses with food for 15 to 20 weeks. In studies comparing 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg/day,8 it was found that all dosages provided initial clearing of disease, but there was a greater need for retreatment with the lower dosages. During treatment, the dose may be adjusted according to response of the disease and/or the appearance of clinical side effects – some of which may be dose related. Adult patients whose disease is very severe with scarring or is primarily manifested on the trunk may require dose adjustments up to 2 mg/kg/day, as tolerated. Failure to take Claravis with food will significantly decrease absorption. Before upward dose adjustments are made, the patients should be questioned about their compliance with food instructions.
The safety of once daily dosing with Claravis has not been established. Once daily dosing is not recommended.
If the total nodule count has been reduced by more than 70% prior to completing 15 to 20 weeks of treatment, the drug may be discontinued. After a period of 2 months or more off therapy, and if warranted by persistent or recurring severe nodular acne, a second course of therapy may be initiated. The optimal interval before retreatment has not been defined for patients who have not completed skeletal growth. Long-term use of Claravis, even in low doses, has not been studied, and is not recommended. It is important that Claravis be given at the recommended doses for no longer than the recommended duration. The effect of long-term use of Claravis on bone loss is unknown (see WARNINGS, Skeletal, Bone Mineral Density, Hyperostosis and Premature Epiphyseal Closure).
Contraceptive measures must be followed for any subsequent course of therapy (see PRECAUTIONS).
Table 4. Claravis Dosing by Body Weight (Based on Administration With Food) Body Weight Total mg/day kilograms pounds 0.5 mg/kg 1 mg/kg 2 mg/kg 40 88 20 40 80 50 110 25 50 100 60 132 30 60 120 70 154 35 70 140 80 176 40 80 160 90 198 45 90 180 100 220 50 100 200INFORMATION FOR PHARMACISTS
Access the iPLEDGE system via the internet (www.ipledgeprogram.com) or telephone (1-866-495-0654) to obtain an authorization and the “do not dispense to patient after” date. Claravis must only be dispensed in no more than a 30-day supply.
REFILLS REQUIRE A NEW PRESCRIPTION AND A NEW AUTHORIZATION FROM THE iPLEDGE SYSTEM.
A Claravis Medication Guide must be given to the patient each time Claravis is dispensed, as required by law. This Claravis Medication Guide is an important part of the risk management program for the patient.
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Barr Laboratories, Inc.
Claravis | Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
2.1 Recommended DosageThe recommended starting dose of INVOKANA (canagliflozin) is 100 mg once daily, taken before the first meal of the day. In patients tolerating INVOKANA 100 mg once daily who have an eGFR of 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or greater and require additional glycemic control, the dose can be increased to 300 mg once daily [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2), Clinical Pharmacology (12.2), and Patient Counseling Information (17)].
In patients with volume depletion, correcting this condition prior to initiation of INVOKANA is recommended [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1), Use in Specific Populations (8.5 and 8.6), and Patient Counseling Information (17)].
2.2 Patients with Renal ImpairmentNo dose adjustment is needed in patients with mild renal impairment (eGFR of 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or greater).
The dose of INVOKANA is limited to 100 mg once daily in patients with moderate renal impairment with an eGFR of 45 to less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2.
INVOKANA should not be initiated in patients with an eGFR less than 45 mL/min/1.73 m2.
Assessment of renal function is recommended prior to initiation of INVOKANA therapy and periodically thereafter. INVOKANA should be discontinued when eGFR is persistently less than 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].
2.3 Concomitant Use with UDP-Glucuronosyl Transferase (UGT) Enzyme InducersIf an inducer of UGTs (e.g., rifampin, phenytoin, phenobarbital, ritonavir) is co-administered with INVOKANA, consider increasing the dosage to 300 mg once daily in patients currently tolerating INVOKANA 100 mg once daily who have an eGFR of 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or greater and require additional glycemic control [see Drug Interactions (7.1)].
Consider another antihyperglycemic agent in patients with an eGFR of 45 to less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 receiving concurrent therapy with a UGT inducer.
![Claravis (Isotretinoin) Capsule [Barr Laboratories, Inc.]](http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/image.cfm?setid=b9057d3b-b104-4f09-8a61-c61ef9d4a3f3&name=canagliflozin-04.jpg)
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