Digifab

Digifab Manufacturers

• Btg International Inc.
  

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  Digifab | Btg International Inc.

  

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  For Intravenous Use Only

  2.1 Dosage

  General Guidelines:

  Adjust the dosage of DigiFab® according to the amount of digoxin to be neutralized.

  Summary of Dosing Guidelines Clinical Conditions Dosage Acute ingestion of unknown amounts of digoxin and toxicity in the absence of a serum digitalis concentration or estimated ingestion amount Administer 20 vials of DigiFab®.
  Monitor for volume overload in small (< 20 Kg) children.
  Start with 10 vials followed by an additional 10 vials, if needed, to avoid a febrile reaction. Chronic digoxin toxicity in the absence of a serum digitalis concentration Administer 6 vials of DigiFab® in Adults and Children ≥ 20 Kg.
  Administer 1 vial of DigiFab® in Infants and Children < 20 Kg. Acute ingestion of known amounts of digoxin Dose (in vials) =
  Amount of digoxin ingested (in mg)
              0.5 mg/vial Chronic digoxin toxicity and known serum digitalis concentration Dose (in vials) =
  (Serum digoxin ng/mL)(weight in kg)
              100

  Failure of the patient to respond to DigiFab® should alert the physician to the possibility that the clinical problem may not be caused by digitalis toxicity.

  DOSAGE CALCULATION

  General

  Methods for calculating a neutralizing dose of DigiFab®, based on a known or estimated amount of digoxin or digitoxin in the body, are provided below. When using the dose calculation methods provided, the following guidelines should be considered:

  Inaccurate estimates of the amount of digitalis ingested or absorbed may occur due to non-steady state serum concentrations or due to digitalis assay limitations. Most serum digoxin assay kits are designed to measure concentrations less than 5 ng/mL; therefore, sample dilution is required to accurately measure serum concentrations > 5 ng/mL. Dosage calculations are based on a steady state volume of distribution of approximately 5 L/kg for digoxin, which is used to convert serum digoxin concentrations to total body burden of digoxin in milligrams. The volume of distribution is a population average and may vary among individuals. Many patients may require higher doses for complete neutralization and doses should usually be rounded up to the nearest whole vial. If toxicity has not adequately reversed after several hours, or appears to recur, re-administration of DigiFab®, at a dose guided by clinical judgment, may be necessary. If a patient is in need of re-administration of DigiFab® due to recurrent toxicity, or to a new toxic episode that occurs soon after the first episode, measurement of free (unbound) serum digitalis concentrations should be considered since Fab may still be present in the body. Failure of a patient to respond to DigiFab® treatment may indicate that the clinical problem is not caused by digitalis intoxication. If there is no response to an adequate dose of DigiFab®, the diagnosis of digitalis toxicity should be questioned.

  Calculation for Ingestion of Known Amount:

  Each vial of DigiFab® (40 mg of purified digoxin-specific Fab) binds approximately 0.5 mg of digoxin. The total number of vials required can be calculated by dividing the total body load of digoxin in milligrams (mg) by 0.5 mg per vial (see Formula 1). Following an acute ingestion, total body load will be approximately equal to the amount ingested in milligrams for either digoxin capsules or digitoxin. In case of digoxin tablet ingestion , the total body load will be approximately equal to the amount ingested (in mg) multiplied by the bioavailability of the tablet preparation, which is 0.8.

  Table 1 gives dosage estimates in number of vials for adults and children who have ingested a single large dose of digoxin and for whom the approximate number of tablets or capsules is known. The dose of DigiFab® (in number of vials) represented in Table 1 can be approximated using the following formula:

  Formula 1

  Dose             = total digitalis body load in mg
  (in # of vials)    0.5 mg of digitalis bound/vial

  Table 1 Approximate Dose of DigiFab® for Reversal of a Single Large Digoxin Overdose * 0.25 mg tablets with 80% bioavailability or 0.2 mg capsules with 100% bioavailability Number of Digoxin Tablets
  or Capsules Ingested* Dose of DigiFab®
  # of vials 25 10 50 20 75 30 100 40 150 60 200 80

  If, after several hours, toxicity is not adequately reversed, or appears to recur, additional administration of DigiFab® at a dose guided by clinical judgment may be required.

  Calculations Based on Steady-State Serum Digoxin Concentrations:

  Adults

  Table 2 gives dosage estimates in number of vials for adult patients for whom a steady-state serum digoxin concentration is known. The dose of DigiFab® (in number of vials) represented in Table 2 can be approximated using the following formula:

  Formula 2 (see Table 2)

  Dose            = (Serum digoxin concentration in ng/mL)(weight in kg)
  (in # of vials)                                     100

  Table 2 Adult Dose Estimate of DigiFab® (in # of vials) from Steady-State Serum Digoxin Concentration v = vials Patient Weight
  (kg) Serum Digoxin Concentration (ng/mL) 1 2 4 8 12 16 20 40 0.5v 1v 2v 3v 5v 7v 8v 60 0.5v 1v 3v 5v 7v 10v 12v 70 1v 2v 3v 6v 9v 11v 14v 80 1v 2v 3v 7v 10v 13v 16v 100 1v 2v 4v 8v 12v 16v 20v

  Children:

  Table 3 gives dosage estimates in milligrams for infants and small (< 20 Kg) children based on the steady-state serum digoxin concentration. The dose of DigiFab® represented in Table 3 can be estimated by multiplying the dose (in number of vials) calculated from Formula 2 by the amount of DigiFab® contained in a vial (40 mg/vial) (see Formula 3). Administer smaller doses in children < 20 Kg requiring doses < 1mL with a tuberculin syringe after reconstituting 40 mg. For very small doses, a reconstituted vial can be diluted with 36 mL of sterile isotonic saline to achieve a concentration of 1 mg/mL.

  Formula 3 (see Table 3)

  Dose (in mg)   = (Dose in # of vials) (40 mg/vial)

  Table 3 Infants and Small (< 20 Kg) Children Dose Estimates of DigiFab® (in mg) from Steady State Serum Digoxin Concentration * dilution of reconstituted vial to 1 mg/mL may be desirable Patient Weight
  (kg) Serum Digoxin Concentration (ng/mL) 1 2 4 8 12 16 20 1 0.4 mg* 1 mg* 1.5 mg* 3 mg* 5 mg 6.5 mg 8 mg 3 1 mg* 2.5 mg* 5 mg 10mg 14 mg 19 mg 24 mg 5 2 mg* 4 mg 8 mg 16 mg 24 mg 32 mg 40 mg 10 4 mg 8 mg 16 mg 32 mg 48 mg 64 mg 80 mg 20 8 mg 16 mg 32 mg 64 mg 96 mg 128 mg 160 mg

  Calculation Based on Steady-State Digitoxin Concentrations:

  The dose of DigiFab® for digitoxin toxicity can be approximated by using the following formula (which differs from Formula 2 in the denominator due to a 10-fold decrease in the volume of distribution of digitoxin as compared to digoxin).

  Formula 4

  Dose              = (Serum digitoxin concentration in ng/mL) (weight in kg)
  (in # of vials)                                   1000

  If in any case, the dose estimated based on ingested amount (Formula 1) differs substantially from that calculated based on the serum digoxin or digitoxin concentration (Formulas 2 and 4), it may be preferable to use the higher dose estimate.

  2.2 Preparation and Administration Each vial contains 40 mg of digoxin immune Fab protein and is intended for one time use only as it contains no preservatives Reconstitute each vial of DigiFab® with 4 mL of Sterile Water for Injection USP and gently mix to provide a solution containing approximately 10 mg/mL of digoxin immune Fab protein. Use the reconstituted product promptly. If not used immediately, store under refrigeration at 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F) for up to 4 hours. Add the reconstituted product to an appropriate volume of 0.9% sodium chloride for injection. Visually inspect reconstituted vials for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. Do not use if the solution is cloudy, turbid or if it contains particulates. Administer DigiFab® slowly as an intravenous infusion over at least 30 minutes. Stop the infusion if infusion rate-related anaphylactoid-type reactions occur, such as hypotension, wheezing, or urticaria. The infusion can be re-started at a slower rate. Give DigiFab® by bolus injection, if cardiac arrest is imminent. An increased incidence of infusion-related reactions may be expected with bolus injection. For infants and small children who may require very small doses, reconstitute the 40 mg vial as directed and administer undiluted using a tuberculin syringe. For very small doses, a reconstituted vial can be diluted with an additional 36 mL of isotonic saline to achieve a concentration of 1 mg/mL.

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• Savage Laboratories, A Division Of Nycomed Us Inc.
  

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  Digifab | Savage Laboratories, A Division Of Nycomed Us Inc.

  

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  General Guidelines:

  The dosage of DigiFab will vary according to the amount of digoxin or digitoxin to be neutralized.

  Dosage for Acute Ingestion of Unknown Amounts of Digoxin or Digitoxin:

  If a patient presents with life-threatening digitalis toxicity caused by an acute ingestion and neither a serum digitalis concentration nor an estimated ingestion amount is available, 20 vials of DigiFab may be administered. This amount should be adequate to treat most life-threatening overdoses in adults and children. However, in small children it is important to monitor for volume overload. In general, a larger dose of DigiFab has a faster onset of effect but may enhance the possibility of a febrile reaction. In such cases, 10 vials may be administered first with careful monitoring of the patient's response followed at the physician's discretion by 10 additional vials and continued monitoring. Failure of the patient to respond to DigiFab should alert the physician to the possibility that the clinical problem may not be caused by digitalis toxicity.

  Dosage for Toxicity During Chronic Therapy:

  For adult patients who are in acute distress or for whom a serum digoxin concentration is not available, 6 vials (240 mg) should be adequate to reverse most cases of toxicity. For infants and small children (≤ 20 kg) on chronic therapy with digoxin and showing signs of toxicity, a single vial should be sufficient.

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