Divalproex sodium extended-release tablets are a valproate and are indicated for the treatment of acute manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar disorder, with or without psychotic features. A manic episode is a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood. Typical symptoms of mania include pressure of speech, motor hyperactivity, reduced need for sleep, flight of ideas, grandiosity, poor judgment, aggressiveness, and possible hostility. A mixed episode is characterized by the criteria for a manic episode in conjunction with those for a major depressive episode (depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities).
The efficacy of divalproex sodium extended-release tablets is based in part on studies of divalproex sodium delayed-release tablets in this indication, and was confirmed in a 3-week trial with patients meeting DSM-IV TR criteria for bipolar I disorder, manic or mixed type, who were hospitalized for acute mania [see Clinical Studies (14.1)].
The effectiveness of valproate for long-term use in mania, i.e., more than 3 weeks, has not been demonstrated in controlled clinical trials. Therefore, healthcare providers who elect to use divalproex sodium extended-release tablets for extended periods should continually reevaluate the long-term risk-benefits of the drug for the individual patient.
1.2 Epilepsy
Divalproex sodium extended-release tablets are indicated as monotherapy and adjunctive therapy in the treatment of adult patients and pediatric patients down to the age of 10 years with complex partial seizures that occur either in isolation or in association with other types of seizures. Divalproex sodium extended-release tablets are also indicated for use as sole and adjunctive therapy in the treatment of simple and complex absence seizures in adults and children 10 years of age or older, and adjunctively in adults and children 10 years of age or older with multiple seizure types that include absence seizures.
Simple absence is defined as very brief clouding of the sensorium or loss of consciousness accompanied by certain generalized epileptic discharges without other detectable clinical signs. Complex absence is the term used when other signs are also present.
1.3 Migraine
Divalproex sodium extended-release tablets are indicated for prophylaxis of migraine headaches. There is no evidence that divalproex sodium extended-release tablets are useful in the acute treatment of migraine headaches.
1.4 Important Limitations
Because of the risk to the fetus of decreased IQ, neural tube defects, and other major congenital malformations, which may occur very early in pregnancy, valproate should not be administered to a woman of childbearing potential unless the drug is essential to the management of her medical condition [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2, 5.3, 5.4), Use in Specific Populations (8.1), and Patient Counseling Information (17.3)].
Divalproex sodium extended-release tablets are contraindicated for prophylaxis of migraine headaches in women who are pregnant.
Divalproex sodium is a stable co-ordination compound comprised of sodium valproate and valproic acid in a 1:1 molar relationship and formed during the partial neutralization of valproic acid with 0.5 equivalent of sodium hydroxide. Chemically it is designated as sodium hydrogen bis(2-propylpentanoate). Divalproex sodium has the following structure:
Divalproex sodium, USP occurs as a white crystalline powder with a characteristic odor.
Divalproex sodium extended-release 250 mg and 500 mg tablets are for oral administration. Divalproex sodium extended-release tablets, USP contain divalproex sodium in a once-a-day extended-release formulation equivalent to 250 mg or 500 mg of valproic acid.
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do not use more than directed (see overdose warning)
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adults and children 12 years of age and over: take 2 tablets at bedtime, if needed, or as directed by a doctor
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do not take more than 2 tablets of this product in 24 hours
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children under 12 years of age: do not use
First aid antiseptic: •clean the affected area •apply a small amount of product on the affected area 1 to 3 times a day •may be covered with a sterile bandage •if bandaged, let dry first
Oral Debriding agent: adults and children 2 years of age and over: • mix with equal amount of water • swish around in the mouth over the affected area for at least 1 minute and then spit out • use up to 4 times daily after meals and at bedtime or as directed by a dentist or doctor.
• children under 12 years of age should be supervised in the use of this product • children under 2 years of age: consult a dentist or doctor