Irbesartan

Irbesartan

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Questions & Answers

Side Effects & Adverse Reactions

Fetal Toxicity

Pregnancy Category D

Use of drugs that act on the renin-angiotensin system during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy reduces fetal renal function and increases fetal and neonatal morbidity and death. Resulting oligohydramnios can be associated with fetal lung hypoplasia and skeletal deformations. Potential neonatal adverse effects include skull hypoplasia, anuria, hypotension, renal failure, and death. When pregnancy is detected, discontinue irbesartan as soon as possible. These adverse outcomes are usually associated with use of these drugs in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Most epidemiologic studies examining fetal abnormalities after exposure to antihypertensive use in the first trimester have not distinguished drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin system from other antihypertensive agents. Appropriate management of maternal hypertension during pregnancy is important to optimize outcomes for both mother and fetus.

In the unusual case that there is no appropriate alternative to therapy with drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin system for a particular patient, apprise the mother of the potential risk to the fetus. Perform serial ultrasound examinations to assess the intra-amniotic environment. If oligohydramnios is observed, discontinue irbesartan, unless it is considered life saving for the mother. Fetal testing may be appropriate, based on the week of pregnancy. Patients and physicians should be aware, however, that oligohydramnios may not appear until after the fetus has sustained irreversible injury. Closely observe infants with histories of in utero exposure to irbesartan for hypotension, oliguria, and hyperkalemia (see PRECAUTIONS: Pediatric Use).

When pregnant rats were treated with irbesartan from day 0 to day 20 of gestation (oral doses of 50 mg/kg/day, 180 mg/kg/day, and 650 mg/kg/day), increased incidences of renal pelvic cavitation, hydroureter and/or absence of renal papilla were observed in fetuses at doses ≥50 mg/kg/day (approximately equivalent to the maximum recommended human dose [MRHD], 300 mg/day, on a body surface area basis). Subcutaneous edema was observed in fetuses at doses ≥180 mg/kg/day (about 4 times the MRHD on a body surface area basis). As these anomalies were not observed in rats in which irbesartan exposure (oral doses of 50, 150, and 450 mg/kg/day) was limited to gestation days 6 to 15, they appear to reflect late gestational effects of the drug. In pregnant rabbits, oral doses of 30 mg irbesartan/kg/day were associated with maternal mortality and abortion. Surviving females receiving this dose (about 1.5 times the MRHD on a body surface area basis) had a slight increase in early resorptions and a corresponding decrease in live fetuses. Irbesartan was found to cross the placental barrier in rats and rabbits.

Radioactivity was present in the rat and rabbit fetus during late gestation and in rat milk following oral doses of radiolabeled irbesartan.

Hypotension in Volume- or Salt-Depleted Patients

Excessive reduction of blood pressure was rarely seen (<0.1%) in patients with uncomplicated hypertension. Initiation of antihypertensive therapy may cause symptomatic hypotension in patients with intravascular volume- or sodium-depletion, e.g., in patients treated vigorously with diuretics or in patients on dialysis. Such volume depletion should be corrected prior to administration of irbesartan, or a low starting dose should be used (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).

If hypotension occurs, the patient should be placed in the supine position and, if necessary, given an intravenous infusion of normal saline. A transient hypotensive response is not a contraindication to further treatment, which usually can be continued without difficulty once the blood pressure has stabilized.

Legal Issues

There is currently no legal information available for this drug.

FDA Safety Alerts

There are currently no FDA safety alerts available for this drug.

Manufacturer Warnings

There is currently no manufacturer warning information available for this drug.

FDA Labeling Changes

There are currently no FDA labeling changes available for this drug.

Uses

Hypertension

Irbesartan tablet USP is indicated for the treatment of hypertension. It may be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents.

Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Irbesartan tablet USP is indicated for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy with an elevated serum creatinine and proteinuria (>300 mg/day) in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. In this population, irbesartan tablet USP reduces the rate of progression of nephropathy as measured by the occurrence of doubling of serum creatinine or end-stage renal disease (need for dialysis or renal transplantation) (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY: Clinical Studies).

History

There is currently no drug history available for this drug.

Other Information


Irbesartan USP is an angiotensin II receptor (AT1 subtype) antagonist.

Irbesartan USP is a non-peptide compound, chemically described as a 2-butyl-3-[p-(o-1H-tetrazol-5-ylphenyl)benzyl]-1,3-diazaspiro[4.4]non-1-en-4-one.

Its empirical formula is C25H28N6O, and the structural formula:

Structural Formula Irbesartan

Irbesartan USP is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 428.5. It is a nonpolar compound with a partition coefficient (octanol/water) of 10.1 at pH of 7.4. Irbesartan is slightly soluble in alcohol and methylene chloride and practically insoluble in water.

Irbesartan is available for oral administration in unscored tablets containing 75 mg, 150 mg, or 300 mg of Irbesartan USP. Inactive ingredients include: calcium stearate, carboxy methyl cellulose calcium, colloidal silicon dioxide, microcrystalline cellulose and povidone.

Irbesartan Manufacturers


  • American Health Packaging
    Irbesartan Tablet [American Health Packaging]
  • Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc.
    Irbesartan Tablet [Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc.]
  • Camber Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    Irbesartan Tablet [Camber Pharmaceuticals, Inc.]
  • Legacy Pharmaceutical Packaging
    Irbesartan Tablet [Legacy Pharmaceutical Packaging]
  • Watson Laboratories, Inc.
    Irbesartan Tablet, Coated [Watson Laboratories, Inc.]
  • Teva Pharmaceuticals Usa Inc
    Irbesartan Tablet [Teva Pharmaceuticals Usa Inc]
  • Qualitest Pharmaceuticals
    Irbesartan Tablet [Qualitest Pharmaceuticals]
  • American Health Packaging
    Irbesartan Tablet [American Health Packaging]
  • Solco Healthcare U.s., Llc
    Irbesartan Tablet [Solco Healthcare U.s., Llc]
  • American Health Packaging
    Irbesartan Tablet [American Health Packaging]
  • Bryant Ranch Prepack
    Irbesartan (Irbesartan ) Tablet [Bryant Ranch Prepack]
  • Winthrop U.s.
    Irbesartan Tablet, Film Coated [Winthrop U.s.]
  • Aurobindo Pharma Limited
    Irbesartan Tablet [Aurobindo Pharma Limited]
  • Macleods Pharmaceuticals Limited
    Irbesartan (Irbesartan ) Tablet Irbesartan Tablet [Macleods Pharmaceuticals Limited]
  • Teva Pharmaceuticals Usa Inc
    Irbesartan Tablet [Teva Pharmaceuticals Usa Inc]
  • Apotex Corp.
    Irbesartan Tablet, Film Coated [Apotex Corp.]
  • Lupin Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    Irbesartan Tablet [Lupin Pharmaceuticals, Inc.]
  • Carilion Materials Management
    Irbesartan Tablet [Carilion Materials Management]
  • Bryant Ranch Prepack
    Irbesartan Tablet [Bryant Ranch Prepack]
  • Roxane Laboratories, Inc.
    Irbesartan Tablet [Roxane Laboratories, Inc.]
  • Avpak
    Irbesartan Tablet [Avpak]

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