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Uses
1.1 Alzheimer’s Disease
Rivastigmine transdermal system is indicated for the treatment of dementia of the Alzheimer’s type (AD). Efficacy has been demonstrated in patients with mild, moderate, and severe Alzheimer’s disease.
1.2 Parkinson’s Disease DementiaRivastigmine transdermal system is indicated for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia associated with Parkinson’s disease (PDD).
History
There is currently no drug history available for this drug.
Other Information
Rivastigmine transdermal system contains rivastigmine, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor known chemically as (S)-3-[1-(dimethylamino) ethyl]phenyl ethylmethylcarbamate. It has an empirical formula of C14H22N2O2 as the base and a molecular weight of 250.34 (as the base). Rivastigmine is a viscous, clear, and colorless to yellow to very slightly brown liquid that is sparingly soluble in water and very soluble in ethanol, acetonitrile, n-octanol and ethyl acetate.
The distribution coefficient at 37°C in n-octanol/phosphate buffer solution pH 7 is 4.27.
Rivastigmine transdermal system is for transdermal administration. The patch is a 4-layer laminate containing the backing layer, drug matrix, adhesive matrix and overlapping release liner (see Figure 1). The release liner is removed and discarded prior to use.
Figure 1: Cross Section of the Rivastigmine Transdermal System
Layer 1: |
Backing Film |
Layer 2: |
Drug Product (Acrylic) Matrix |
Layer 3: |
Adhesive (Silicone) Matrix |
Layer 4: |
Release Liner (removed at time of use) |
Excipients within the formulation include acrylic copolymer, poly(butylmethacrylate, methylmethacrylate), silicone adhesive applied to a flexible polymer backing film, silicone oil, and vitamin E.
Sources
Rivastigmine Patch Manufacturers
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Sandoz Inc
Rivastigmine Patch | Sandoz Inc
2.1 Recommended DosingInitial Dose
Initiate treatment with one 4.6 mg/24 hours rivastigmine transdermal system applied to the skin once daily [see Dosage and Administration (2.4)].
Dose Titration
Increase the dose only after a minimum of 4 weeks at the previous dose, and only if the previous dose has been tolerated. For mild to moderate AD and PDD patients, continue the effective dose of 9.5 mg/24 hours for as long as therapeutic benefit persists. Patients can then be increased to the maximum effective dose of 13.3 mg/24 hours dose. For patients with severe AD, 13.3 mg/24 hours is the effective dose. Doses higher than 13.3 mg/24 hours confer no appreciable additional benefit, and are associated with an increase in the incidence of adverse reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2), Adverse Reactions (6.1)].
Mild to Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild to Moderate Parkinson’s Disease Dementia
The effective dosage of rivastigmine transdermal system is 9.5 mg/24 hours or 13.3 mg/24 hours administered once per day; replace with a new patch every 24 hours.
Severe Alzheimer’s Disease
The effective dosage of rivastigmine transdermal system in patients with severe Alzheimer’s disease is 13.3 mg/24 hours administered once per day; replace with a new patch every 24 hours.
Interruption of Treatment
If dosing is interrupted for 3 days or fewer, restart treatment with the same or lower strength rivastigmine transdermal system. If dosing is interrupted for more than 3 days, restart treatment with the 4.6 mg/24 hours rivastigmine transdermal system and titrate as described above.
2.2 Dosing in Specific PopulationsDosing Modifications in Patients with Hepatic Impairment
Consider using the 4.6 mg/24 hours rivastigmine transdermal system as both the initial and maintenance dose in patients with mild (Child-Pugh score 5 to 6) to moderate (Child-Pugh score 7 to 9) hepatic impairment [see Use in SpecificPopulations (8.6) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Dosing Modifications in Patients with Low Body Weight
Carefully titrate and monitor patients with low body weight (<50 kg) for toxicities (e.g., excessive nausea, vomiting) and consider reducing the maintenance dose to the 4.6 mg/24 hours rivastigmine transdermal system if such toxicities develop.
2.3 Switching to Rivastigmine Transdermal System from Rivastigmine Tartrate Capsules or Rivastigmine Tartrate Oral SolutionPatients treated with rivastigmine tartrate capsules or oral solution may be switched to rivastigmine transdermal system as follows:
• A patient who is on a total daily dose of <6 mg of oral rivastigmine can be switched to the 4.6 mg/24 hours rivastigmine transdermal system. • A patient who is on a total daily dose of 6 mg to 12 mg of oral rivastigmine can be switched to the 9.5 mg/24 hours rivastigmine transdermal system.Instruct patients or caregivers to apply the first patch on the day following the last oral dose.
2.4 Important Administration InstructionsRivastigmine transdermal system is for transdermal use on intact skin.
(a) Do not use the patch if the pouch seal is broken or the patch is cut, damaged, or changed in any way.
(b) Apply the rivastigmine transdermal system once a day
• Press down firmly for 30 seconds until the edges stick well when applying to clean, dry, hairless, intact healthy skin in a place that will not be rubbed against by tight clothing. • Use the upper or lower back as the site of application because the patch is less likely to be removed by the patient. If sites on the back are not accessible, apply the patch to the upper arm or chest. • Do not apply to a skin area where cream, lotion, or powder has recently been applied.(c) Do not apply to skin that is red, irritated, or cut.
(d) Replace the rivastigmine transdermal system with a new patch every 24 hours. Instruct patients to only wear 1 patch at a time (remove the previous day’s patch before applying a new patch) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Overdosage (10)]. If a patch falls off or if a dose is missed, apply a new patch immediately and then replace this patch the following day at the usual application time.
(e) Change the site of patch application daily to minimize potential irritation, although a new patch can be applied to the same general anatomic site (e.g., another spot on the upper back) on consecutive days. Do not apply a new patch to the same location for at least 14 days.
(f) May wear the patch during bathing and in hot weather. But avoid long exposure to external heat sources (excessive sunlight, saunas, solariums).
(g) Place used patches in the previously saved pouch and discard in the trash, away from pets or children.
(h) Wash hands with soap and water after removing the patch. In case of contact with eyes or if the eyes become red after handling the patch, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice if symptoms do not resolve.
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